use std::{
    collections::BTreeMap,
    fs,
    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
    sync::Arc,
    time::{Duration, Instant},
};

use anyhow::Result;
use crossbeam_skiplist::SkipMap;
use dashmap::DashMap;
use http::StatusCode;
use liquid::Object;
use liquid_core::{Value, ValueView};
use once_cell::sync::{Lazy, OnceCell};
use reqwest::{header, header::HeaderValue, multipart, Client, Url};
use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
use tokio::{sync::Notify, time};
use tracing::debug;

use crate::{
    location::OffsetSpan,
    matcher::{OwnedBlobMatch, SerializableCaptures},
    rules::rule::Validation,
};

mod aws;
mod azure;
mod coinbase;
mod gcp;
mod httpvalidation;
mod jdbc;
mod jwt;
mod mongodb;
mod mysql;
mod postgres;
pub use mysql::validate_mysql;
pub use postgres::validate_postgres;
mod utils;

const VALIDATION_CACHE_SECONDS: u64 = 1200; // 20 minutes
const MAX_VALIDATION_BODY_LEN: usize = 2048;

fn truncate_to_char_boundary(s: &mut String, max_len: usize) {
    if s.len() <= max_len {
        return;
    }

    let mut new_len = max_len;
    while new_len > 0 && !s.is_char_boundary(new_len) {
        new_len -= 1;
    }

    s.truncate(new_len);
}

static USER_AGENT_SUFFIX: OnceCell<String> = OnceCell::new();

const BROWSER_USER_AGENT: &str = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) \
         AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) \
         Chrome/140.0.0.0 Safari/537.36";

fn build_user_agent() -> String {
    let base = format!("{}/{}", env!("CARGO_PKG_NAME"), env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"));
    if let Some(suffix) = USER_AGENT_SUFFIX.get() {
        format!("{base} {suffix} {BROWSER_USER_AGENT}")
    } else {
        format!("{base} {BROWSER_USER_AGENT}")
    }
}

pub static GLOBAL_USER_AGENT: Lazy<String> = Lazy::new(build_user_agent);

/// Configure a user-agent suffix that is appended after the Kingfisher package name/version.
///
/// The suffix is inserted before the browser portion of the user-agent. Empty or whitespace-only
/// values are ignored. This should be called once near program start prior to accessing
/// [`GLOBAL_USER_AGENT`].
pub fn set_user_agent_suffix<S: Into<String>>(suffix: Option<S>) {
    if let Some(suffix) = suffix {
        let trimmed = suffix.into().trim().to_string();
        if trimmed.is_empty() {
            return;
        }

        let _ = USER_AGENT_SUFFIX.set(trimmed);
    }
}

// Use SkipMap-based cache instead of a mutex-wrapped FxHashMap.
type Cache = Arc<SkipMap<String, CachedResponse>>;

/// Returns an opaque 64-bit fingerprint for “same secret under the same rule”.
fn secret_fingerprint(m: &OwnedBlobMatch) -> u64 {
    let mut hasher = xxhash_rust::xxh3::Xxh3::new();
    m.rule.syntax().id.hash(&mut hasher);

    // first capture = the secret text itself
    if let Some(c0) = m.captures.captures.get(0) {
        c0.raw_value().hash(&mut hasher);
    }
    hasher.finish()
}

static VALIDATION_CACHE: OnceCell<DashMap<u64, CachedResponse>> = OnceCell::new();
static IN_FLIGHT: OnceCell<DashMap<u64, Arc<Notify>>> = OnceCell::new();

/// Call this once near program start (e.g. in `main()`)
pub fn init_validation_caches() {
    VALIDATION_CACHE.set(DashMap::new()).ok();
    IN_FLIGHT.set(DashMap::new()).ok();
    aws::set_aws_validation_concurrency(15);
}

pub fn set_skip_aws_account_ids<I, S>(ids: I)
where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = S>,
    S: Into<String>,
{
    aws::set_aws_skip_account_ids(ids);
}

/// Returns `true` if the provided string can be parsed as a MongoDB connection URI.
pub fn is_parseable_mongodb_uri(uri: &str) -> bool {
    mongodb::looks_like_mongodb_uri(uri)
}

/// Returns `true` if the provided string can be parsed as a Postgres connection URI.
pub fn is_parseable_postgres_uri(uri: &str) -> bool {
    postgres::parse_postgres_url(uri).is_ok()
}

/// Returns `true` if the provided string can be parsed as a MySQL connection URI.
pub fn is_parseable_mysql_uri(uri: &str) -> bool {
    mysql::parse_mysql_url(uri).is_ok()
}

#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct CachedResponse {
    pub body: String,
    pub status: StatusCode,
    pub is_valid: bool,
    pub timestamp: Instant,
}

impl CachedResponse {
    pub fn new(body: String, status: StatusCode, is_valid: bool) -> Self {
        Self { body, status, is_valid, timestamp: Instant::now() }
    }

    pub fn is_still_valid(&self, cache_duration: Duration) -> bool {
        self.timestamp.elapsed() < cache_duration
    }
}

/// Collect dependent variables and missing dependencies from the provided matches.
pub fn collect_variables_and_dependencies(
    matches: &[OwnedBlobMatch],
) -> (FxHashMap<String, Vec<(String, OffsetSpan)>>, FxHashMap<String, Vec<String>>) {
    let mut variable_map: FxHashMap<String, Vec<(String, OffsetSpan)>> = FxHashMap::default();
    let mut missing_deps: FxHashMap<String, Vec<String>> = FxHashMap::default();

    for m in matches {
        let rule_id = m.rule.syntax().id.clone();
        for dependency in m.rule.syntax().depends_on_rule.iter().flatten() {
            let dependency_rule_id = &dependency.rule_id;
            // Use iterator adapter to get all matching dependencies.
            let matching_dependencies: Vec<_> =
                matches.iter().filter(|x| x.rule.syntax().id == *dependency_rule_id).collect();

            if !matching_dependencies.is_empty() {
                for other_match in matching_dependencies {
                    let matching_input = other_match
                        .captures
                        .captures
                        .get(1)
                        .or_else(|| other_match.captures.captures.get(0))
                        .expect("Expected at least one capture");
                    variable_map
                        .entry(dependency.variable.to_uppercase())
                        .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
                        .push((
                            matching_input.raw_value().to_string(),
                            other_match.matching_input_offset_span,
                        ));
                }
            } else {
                missing_deps.entry(rule_id.clone()).or_default().push(dependency.rule_id.clone());
            }
        }
    }
    (variable_map, missing_deps)
}

/// Render a template and parse the resulting string as a URL.
async fn render_and_parse_url(
    parser: &liquid::Parser,
    globals: &liquid::Object,
    rule_name: &str,
    template_url: &str,
) -> Result<Url, String> {
    let rendered_url_str =
        render_template(parser, globals, rule_name, template_url).await.map_err(|e| {
            let error_msg = format!("Error rendering URL template: <{}> {}", rule_name, e);
            debug!("{}", error_msg);
            error_msg
        })?;

    let url = Url::parse(&rendered_url_str).map_err(|e| {
        let error_msg = format!("Error parsing rendered URL: {}", e);
        debug!("{}", error_msg);
        error_msg
    })?;

    // Check if the URL is resolvable.
    utils::check_url_resolvable(&url).await.map_err(|e| {
        let error_msg = format!("URL resolution failed: {}", e);
        error_msg
    })?;

    Ok(url)
}

/// Render a template string using Liquid.
async fn render_template(
    parser: &liquid::Parser,
    globals: &liquid::Object,
    rule_name: &str,
    template_str: &str,
) -> Result<String, String> {
    parser
        .parse(template_str)
        .map_err(|e| {
            let msg = format!("Error parsing template for rule <{}>: {}", rule_name, e);
            debug!("{}", msg);
            msg
        })
        .and_then(|template| {
            template.render(globals).map_err(|e| {
                let msg = format!("Error rendering template for rule <{}>: {}", rule_name, e);
                debug!("{}", msg);
                msg
            })
        })
}

/// Validate a single match with a timeout of 60 seconds.
pub async fn validate_single_match(
    m: &mut OwnedBlobMatch,
    parser: &liquid::Parser,
    client: &Client,
    dependent_variables: &FxHashMap<String, Vec<(String, OffsetSpan)>>,
    missing_dependencies: &FxHashMap<String, Vec<String>>,
    cache: &Cache,
) {
    let timeout_result = time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(60), async {
        timed_validate_single_match(
            m,
            parser,
            client,
            dependent_variables,
            missing_dependencies,
            cache,
        )
        .await
    })
    .await;

    if timeout_result.is_err() {
        m.validation_success = false;
        m.validation_response_body = "Validation timed out after 60 seconds".to_string();
        m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::REQUEST_TIMEOUT;
    }
}

/// Perform the actual validation of a match.
/// Guarantees that each <RULE-ID>|<secret> is validated only once per process,
/// even when `--no-dedup` is used.
async fn timed_validate_single_match<'a>(
    m: &mut OwnedBlobMatch,
    parser: &liquid::Parser,
    client: &Client,
    dependent_variables: &FxHashMap<String, Vec<(String, OffsetSpan)>>,
    missing_dependencies: &FxHashMap<String, Vec<String>>,
    cache: &Cache,
) {
    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    // 1. process-wide fingerprint de-dup
    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    let fp = secret_fingerprint(m);

    if let Some(entry) = VALIDATION_CACHE.get_or_init(DashMap::new).get(&fp) {
        if entry.timestamp.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(VALIDATION_CACHE_SECONDS) {
            m.validation_success = entry.is_valid;
            m.validation_response_body = entry.body.clone();
            m.validation_response_status = entry.status;
            return;
        }
    }
    if let Some(wait) = IN_FLIGHT.get_or_init(DashMap::new).get(&fp) {
        wait.notified().await;
        if let Some(entry) = VALIDATION_CACHE.get().unwrap().get(&fp) {
            m.validation_success = entry.is_valid;
            m.validation_response_body = entry.body.clone();
            m.validation_response_status = entry.status;
        }
        return;
    }
    let notify = Arc::new(Notify::new());
    IN_FLIGHT.get().unwrap().insert(fp, notify.clone());

    // helper to persist result + notify waiters
    let commit_and_return = |m: &OwnedBlobMatch| {
        VALIDATION_CACHE.get().unwrap().insert(
            fp,
            CachedResponse {
                body: m.validation_response_body.clone(),
                status: m.validation_response_status,
                is_valid: m.validation_success,
                timestamp: Instant::now(),
            },
        );
        IN_FLIGHT.get().unwrap().remove(&fp);
        notify.notify_waiters();
    };
    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    // 2. dependency check
    if let Some(missing) = missing_dependencies.get(&m.rule.syntax().id) {
        if !missing.is_empty() {
            m.validation_success = false;
            m.validation_response_body =
                format!("Validation skipped - missing dependent rules: {}", missing.join(", "));
            m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::PRECONDITION_REQUIRED;
            commit_and_return(m);
            return;
        }
    }

    // 3. capture processing
    let match_re_result = m.rule.syntax().as_anchored_regex();
    let mut captured_values: Vec<(String, String, usize, usize)> = match match_re_result {
        Ok(_) => utils::process_captures(&m.captures),
        Err(e) => {
            m.validation_success = false;
            m.validation_response_body = format!("Regex error: {}", e);
            m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
            commit_and_return(m);
            return;
        }
    };

    for dep in m.rule.syntax().depends_on_rule.iter().flatten() {
        if let Some(vals) = dependent_variables.get(&dep.variable.to_uppercase()) {
            for (val, span) in vals {
                // Skip adding captured values for TOKEN dependencies
                if dep.variable.eq_ignore_ascii_case("TOKEN") {
                    continue;
                }
                captured_values.push((
                    dep.variable.to_uppercase(),
                    val.clone(),
                    span.start,
                    span.end,
                ));
            }
        }
    }

    let mut globals = Object::new();
    populate_globals_from_captures(&mut globals, &captured_values);

    let rule_syntax = m.rule.syntax();

    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    // 4. validator switch
    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    match &rule_syntax.validation {
        // ---------------------------------------------------- HTTP validator
        Some(Validation::Http(http_validation)) => {
            // render URL
            let url = match render_and_parse_url(
                parser,
                &globals,
                &rule_syntax.name,
                &http_validation.request.url,
            )
            .await
            {
                Ok(u) => u,
                Err(e) => {
                    m.validation_success = false;
                    m.validation_response_body = e;
                    m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST;
                    commit_and_return(m);
                    return;
                }
            };

            // build request builder
            let request_builder = match httpvalidation::build_request_builder(
                client,
                &http_validation.request.method,
                &url,
                &http_validation.request.headers,
                &http_validation.request.body,
                parser,
                &globals,
            ) {
                Ok(rb) => rb,
                Err(e) => {
                    m.validation_success = false;
                    m.validation_response_body = e;
                    m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST;
                    commit_and_return(m);
                    return;
                }
            };

            let is_multipart = http_validation.request.multipart.is_some();
            let mut cache_key = String::new();

            // old per-request cache (optional)
            if !is_multipart {
                let rendered_headers = httpvalidation::process_headers(
                    &http_validation.request.headers,
                    parser,
                    &globals,
                    &url,
                )
                .unwrap_or_default();

                let mut header_map = BTreeMap::new();
                for (name, value) in rendered_headers.iter() {
                    if let Ok(v) = value.to_str() {
                        header_map.insert(name.as_str().to_string(), v.to_string());
                    }
                }
                cache_key = httpvalidation::generate_http_cache_key_parts(
                    http_validation.request.method.as_str(),
                    &url,
                    &header_map,
                );
                if let Some(cached) = cache.get(&cache_key) {
                    let c = cached.value();
                    if c.timestamp.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(VALIDATION_CACHE_SECONDS) {
                        m.validation_success = c.is_valid;
                        m.validation_response_body = c.body.clone();
                        m.validation_response_status = c.status;
                        commit_and_return(m);
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }

            // helper to execute single non-multipart request with retry
            let exec_single = |builder: reqwest::RequestBuilder| async {
                httpvalidation::retry_request(
                    builder,
                    1,
                    Duration::from_millis(500),
                    Duration::from_secs(2),
                )
                .await
            };

            // run request (multipart vs non-multipart)
            let resp_res = if is_multipart {
                // build multipart request each retry
                let build_request = || async {
                    let method = httpvalidation::parse_http_method(&http_validation.request.method)
                        .unwrap_or(reqwest::Method::GET);

                    let mut fresh_builder =
                        client.request(method, url.clone()).timeout(Duration::from_secs(5));

                    if let Ok(mut headers) = httpvalidation::process_headers(
                        &http_validation.request.headers,
                        parser,
                        &globals,
                        &url,
                    ) {
                        // add realistic UA & accept headers
                        let std_headers = [
                            (header::USER_AGENT, GLOBAL_USER_AGENT.as_str()),
                            (header::ACCEPT , "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8"),
                            (header::ACCEPT_LANGUAGE, "en-US,en;q=0.5"),
                            (header::ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip, deflate, br"),
                            (header::CONNECTION, "keep-alive"),
                        ];
                        for (hn, hv) in &std_headers {
                            if let Ok(v) = HeaderValue::from_str(hv) {
                                headers.insert(hn.clone(), v);
                            }
                        }
                        fresh_builder = fresh_builder.headers(headers);
                    }

                    // build multipart form
                    let mut form = multipart::Form::new();
                    for part in http_validation.request.multipart.as_ref().unwrap().parts.iter() {
                        match part.part_type.as_str() {
                            "file" => {
                                let path = render_template(
                                    parser,
                                    &globals,
                                    &rule_syntax.name,
                                    &part.content,
                                )
                                .await
                                .unwrap_or_default();
                                let bytes = fs::read(path).unwrap_or_default();
                                let p = multipart::Part::bytes(bytes)
                                    .mime_str(
                                        part.content_type
                                            .as_deref()
                                            .unwrap_or("application/octet-stream"),
                                    )
                                    .unwrap_or_else(|_| multipart::Part::text("invalid"));
                                form = form.part(part.name.clone(), p);
                            }
                            "text" => {
                                let txt = render_template(
                                    parser,
                                    &globals,
                                    &rule_syntax.name,
                                    &part.content,
                                )
                                .await
                                .unwrap_or_default();
                                let p = multipart::Part::text(txt)
                                    .mime_str(part.content_type.as_deref().unwrap_or("text/plain"))
                                    .unwrap_or_else(|_| multipart::Part::text("invalid"));
                                form = form.part(part.name.clone(), p);
                            }
                            _ => { /* ignore */ }
                        }
                    }
                    fresh_builder.multipart(form)
                };

                httpvalidation::retry_multipart_request(
                    build_request,
                    1,
                    Duration::from_millis(500),
                    Duration::from_secs(2),
                )
                .await
            } else {
                exec_single(request_builder).await
            };

            // handle result
            match resp_res {
                Ok(resp) => {
                    let status = resp.status();
                    let headers = resp.headers().clone();
                    let mut body = match resp.text().await {
                        Ok(b) => b,
                        Err(e) => {
                            m.validation_success = false;
                            m.validation_response_body = format!("Error reading response: {}", e);
                            m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY;
                            commit_and_return(m);
                            return;
                        }
                    };
                    truncate_to_char_boundary(&mut body, MAX_VALIDATION_BODY_LEN);

                    m.validation_response_status = status;
                    m.validation_response_body = body.clone();
                    let matchers = http_validation
                        .request
                        .response_matcher
                        .as_ref()
                        .expect("missing response_matcher");

                    m.validation_success = httpvalidation::validate_response(
                        matchers,
                        &body,
                        &status,
                        &headers,
                        http_validation.request.response_is_html,
                    );

                    if !is_multipart && !cache_key.is_empty() {
                        cache.insert(
                            cache_key,
                            CachedResponse {
                                body,
                                status,
                                is_valid: m.validation_success,
                                timestamp: Instant::now(),
                            },
                        );
                    }
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    m.validation_success = false;
                    m.validation_response_body = format!("HTTP error: {:?}", e);
                    m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY;
                }
            }
        }

        // ---------------------------------------------------- MongoDB validator
        Some(Validation::MongoDB) => {
            let uri = globals
                .get("TOKEN")
                .and_then(|v| v.as_scalar())
                .map(|s| s.into_owned().to_kstr().to_string())
                .unwrap_or_default();

            if uri.is_empty() {
                m.validation_success = false;
                m.validation_response_body = "MongoDB URI not found.".to_string();
                m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST;
                commit_and_return(m);
                return;
            }

            let cache_key = mongodb::generate_mongodb_cache_key(&uri);
            if let Some(cached) = cache.get(&cache_key) {
                let c = cached.value();
                if c.timestamp.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(VALIDATION_CACHE_SECONDS) {
                    m.validation_success = c.is_valid;
                    m.validation_response_body = c.body.clone();
                    m.validation_response_status = c.status;
                    commit_and_return(m);
                    return;
                }
            }

            match mongodb::validate_mongodb(&uri).await {
                Ok((ok, msg)) => {
                    m.validation_success = ok;
                    m.validation_response_body = msg;
                    m.validation_response_status =
                        if ok { StatusCode::OK } else { StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED };
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    m.validation_success = false;
                    m.validation_response_body = format!("MongoDB validation error: {}", e);
                    m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY;
                }
            }
        }

        // ---------------------------------------------------- MySQL validator
        Some(Validation::MySQL) => {
            let mysql_url = globals
                .get("TOKEN")
                .and_then(|v| v.as_scalar())
                .map(|s| s.into_owned().to_kstr().to_string())
                .unwrap_or_default();

            if mysql_url.is_empty() {
                m.validation_success = false;
                m.validation_response_body = "MySQL URL not found.".to_string();
                m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST;
                commit_and_return(m);
                return;
            }

            let cache_key = mysql::generate_mysql_cache_key(&mysql_url);
            if let Some(cached) = cache.get(&cache_key) {
                let c = cached.value();
                if c.timestamp.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(VALIDATION_CACHE_SECONDS) {
                    m.validation_success = c.is_valid;
                    m.validation_response_body = c.body.clone();
                    m.validation_response_status = c.status;
                    commit_and_return(m);
                    return;
                }
            }

            match mysql::validate_mysql(&mysql_url).await {
                Ok((ok, meta)) => {
                    m.validation_success = ok;
                    m.validation_response_body = if ok {
                        format!("MySQL connection is valid. Metadata: {:?}", meta)
                    } else {
                        "MySQL connection failed.".to_string()
                    };
                    m.validation_response_status =
                        if ok { StatusCode::OK } else { StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED };
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    m.validation_success = false;
                    m.validation_response_body = format!("MySQL error: {}", e);
                    m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY;
                }
            }

            cache.insert(
                cache_key,
                CachedResponse {
                    body: m.validation_response_body.clone(),
                    status: m.validation_response_status,
                    is_valid: m.validation_success,
                    timestamp: Instant::now(),
                },
            );
        }

        // ------------------------------------------------ Azure Storage validator
        Some(Validation::AzureStorage) => {
            let storage_key = captured_values
                .iter()
                .find(|(n, ..)| n == "TOKEN")
                .map(|(_, v, ..)| v.clone())
                .unwrap_or_default();
            let storage_account =
                utils::find_closest_variable(&captured_values, &storage_key, "TOKEN", "AZURENAME")
                    .unwrap_or_default();

            if storage_account.is_empty() || storage_key.is_empty() {
                m.validation_success = false;
                m.validation_response_body = "Missing Azure Storage account or key.".to_string();
                m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST;
                commit_and_return(m);
                return;
            }

            let creds_json = format!(
                r#"{{"storage_account":"{}","storage_key":"{}"}}"#,
                storage_account, storage_key
            );
            let cache_key = azure::generate_azure_cache_key(&creds_json);

            if let Some(cached) = cache.get(&cache_key) {
                let c = cached.value();
                if c.timestamp.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(VALIDATION_CACHE_SECONDS) {
                    m.validation_success = c.is_valid;
                    m.validation_response_body = c.body.clone();
                    m.validation_response_status = c.status;
                    commit_and_return(m);
                    return;
                }
            }

            match azure::validate_azure_storage_credentials(&creds_json, cache).await {
                Ok((ok, msg)) => {
                    m.validation_success = ok;
                    m.validation_response_body = msg;
                    m.validation_response_status =
                        if ok { StatusCode::OK } else { StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED };
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    m.validation_success = false;
                    m.validation_response_body = format!("Azure Storage error: {}", e);
                    m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY;
                }
            }
            cache.insert(
                cache_key,
                CachedResponse {
                    body: m.validation_response_body.clone(),
                    status: m.validation_response_status,
                    is_valid: m.validation_success,
                    timestamp: Instant::now(),
                },
            );
        }

        // ---------------------------------------------------- JDBC validator
        Some(Validation::Jdbc) => {
            let jdbc_conn = captured_values
                .iter()
                .find(|(n, ..)| n == "TOKEN")
                .map(|(_, v, ..)| v.clone())
                .unwrap_or_default();

            if jdbc_conn.is_empty() {
                m.validation_success = false;
                m.validation_response_body = "JDBC connection string not found.".to_string();
                m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST;
                commit_and_return(m);
                return;
            }

            let cache_key = jdbc::generate_jdbc_cache_key(&jdbc_conn);
            if let Some(cached) = cache.get(&cache_key) {
                let c = cached.value();
                if c.timestamp.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(VALIDATION_CACHE_SECONDS) {
                    m.validation_success = c.is_valid;
                    m.validation_response_body = c.body.clone();
                    m.validation_response_status = c.status;
                    commit_and_return(m);
                    return;
                }
            }

            match jdbc::validate_jdbc(&jdbc_conn).await {
                Ok(outcome) => {
                    m.validation_success = outcome.valid;
                    m.validation_response_body = outcome.message;
                    m.validation_response_status = outcome.status;
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    m.validation_success = false;
                    m.validation_response_body = format!("JDBC validation error: {}", e);
                    m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY;
                }
            }

            cache.insert(
                cache_key,
                CachedResponse {
                    body: m.validation_response_body.clone(),
                    status: m.validation_response_status,
                    is_valid: m.validation_success,
                    timestamp: Instant::now(),
                },
            );
        }

        // ------------------------------------------------ Postgres validator
        Some(Validation::Postgres) => {
            let pg_url = globals
                .get("TOKEN")
                .and_then(|v| v.as_scalar())
                .map(|s| s.into_owned().to_kstr().to_string())
                .unwrap_or_default();

            if pg_url.is_empty() {
                m.validation_success = false;
                m.validation_response_body = "Postgres URL not found.".to_string();
                m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST;
                commit_and_return(m);
                return;
            }

            let cache_key = postgres::generate_postgres_cache_key(&pg_url);
            if let Some(cached) = cache.get(&cache_key) {
                let c = cached.value();
                if c.timestamp.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(VALIDATION_CACHE_SECONDS) {
                    m.validation_success = c.is_valid;
                    m.validation_response_body = c.body.clone();
                    m.validation_response_status = c.status;
                    commit_and_return(m);
                    return;
                }
            }

            match postgres::validate_postgres(&pg_url).await {
                Ok((ok, meta)) => {
                    m.validation_success = ok;
                    m.validation_response_body = if ok {
                        format!("Postgres connection is valid. Metadata: {:?}", meta)
                    } else {
                        "Postgres connection failed.".to_string()
                    };
                    m.validation_response_status =
                        if ok { StatusCode::OK } else { StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED };
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    m.validation_success = false;
                    m.validation_response_body = format!("Postgres error: {}", e);
                    m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY;
                }
            }
            cache.insert(
                cache_key,
                CachedResponse {
                    body: m.validation_response_body.clone(),
                    status: m.validation_response_status,
                    is_valid: m.validation_success,
                    timestamp: Instant::now(),
                },
            );
        }
        // ---------------------------------------------------- JWT validator
        Some(Validation::JWT) => {
            let token = captured_values
                .iter()
                .find(|(n, ..)| n == "TOKEN")
                .map(|(_, v, ..)| v.clone())
                .unwrap_or_default();

            if token.is_empty() {
                m.validation_success = false;
                m.validation_response_body = "JWT token not found.".to_string();
                m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST;
                commit_and_return(m);
                return;
            }

            match jwt::validate_jwt(&token).await {
                Ok((ok, msg)) => {
                    m.validation_success = ok;
                    m.validation_response_body = msg;
                    m.validation_response_status =
                        if ok { StatusCode::OK } else { StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED };
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    m.validation_success = false;
                    m.validation_response_body = format!("JWT validation error: {}", e);
                    m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST;
                }
            }
        }
        // ---------------------------------------------------- AWS validator
        Some(Validation::AWS) => {
            let secret = captured_values
                .iter()
                .find(|(n, ..)| n == "TOKEN")
                .map(|(_, v, ..)| v.clone())
                .unwrap_or_default();
            let akid = utils::find_closest_variable(&captured_values, &secret, "TOKEN", "AKID")
                .unwrap_or_default();

            if akid.is_empty() || secret.is_empty() {
                m.validation_success = false;
                m.validation_response_body = "Missing AWS access-key ID or secret.".to_string();
                m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST;
                commit_and_return(m);
                return;
            }

            let cache_key = aws::generate_aws_cache_key(&akid, &secret);
            if let Some(cached) = cache.get(&cache_key) {
                let c = cached.value();
                if c.timestamp.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(VALIDATION_CACHE_SECONDS) {
                    m.validation_success = c.is_valid;
                    m.validation_response_body = c.body.clone();
                    m.validation_response_status = c.status;
                    commit_and_return(m);
                    return;
                }
            }

            if let Some(account_id) = aws::should_skip_aws_validation(&akid) {
                m.validation_success = false;
                m.validation_response_body = format!(
                    "(skip list entry) AWS validation not attempted for account {}.",
                    account_id
                );
                m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::CONTINUE;
                cache.insert(
                    cache_key,
                    CachedResponse {
                        body: m.validation_response_body.clone(),
                        status: m.validation_response_status,
                        is_valid: m.validation_success,
                        timestamp: Instant::now(),
                    },
                );
                commit_and_return(m);
                return;
            }

            if let Err(e) = aws::validate_aws_credentials_input(&akid, &secret) {
                m.validation_success = false;
                m.validation_response_body = format!("Invalid AWS credentials ({}): {}", akid, e);
                m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST;
                commit_and_return(m);
                return;
            }

            match aws::validate_aws_credentials(&akid, &secret).await {
                Ok((ok, msg)) => {
                    m.validation_success = ok;
                    if ok {
                        m.validation_response_body = format!("{} --- ARN: {}", akid, msg);
                        m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::OK;
                        if let Ok(acct) = aws::aws_key_to_account_number(&akid) {
                            m.validation_response_body
                                .push_str(&format!(" --- AWS Account Number: {:012}", acct));
                        }
                    } else {
                        m.validation_response_body =
                            format!("AWS validation error ({}): {}", akid, msg);
                        m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED;
                    }
                    cache.insert(
                        cache_key,
                        CachedResponse {
                            body: m.validation_response_body.clone(),
                            status: m.validation_response_status,
                            is_valid: m.validation_success,
                            timestamp: Instant::now(),
                        },
                    );
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    m.validation_success = false;
                    m.validation_response_body = format!("AWS validation error ({}): {}", akid, e);
                    m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY;
                }
            }
        }

        // ----------------------------------------------------- GCP validator
        Some(Validation::GCP) => {
            let gcp_json = globals
                .get("TOKEN")
                .and_then(|v| v.as_scalar())
                .map(|s| s.into_owned().to_kstr().to_string())
                .unwrap_or_default();

            if gcp_json.is_empty() {
                m.validation_success = false;
                m.validation_response_body = "GCP JSON not found.".to_string();
                m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST;
                commit_and_return(m);
                return;
            }

            let cache_key = gcp::generate_gcp_cache_key(&gcp_json);
            if let Some(cached) = cache.get(&cache_key) {
                let c = cached.value();
                if c.timestamp.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(VALIDATION_CACHE_SECONDS) {
                    m.validation_success = c.is_valid;
                    m.validation_response_body = c.body.clone();
                    m.validation_response_status = c.status;
                    commit_and_return(m);
                    return;
                }
            }

            match gcp::GcpValidator::global() {
                Ok(validator) => {
                    match validator.validate_gcp_credentials(&gcp_json.as_bytes()).await {
                        Ok((ok, meta)) => {
                            m.validation_success = ok;
                            m.validation_response_body = meta.join("\n");
                            m.validation_response_status =
                                if ok { StatusCode::OK } else { StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED };
                        }
                        Err(e) => {
                            m.validation_success = false;
                            m.validation_response_body = format!("GCP validation error: {}", e);
                            m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY;
                        }
                    }
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    m.validation_success = false;
                    m.validation_response_body = format!("Failed to create GCP validator: {}", e);
                    m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
                }
            }
            cache.insert(
                cache_key,
                CachedResponse {
                    body: m.validation_response_body.clone(),
                    status: m.validation_response_status,
                    is_valid: m.validation_success,
                    timestamp: Instant::now(),
                },
            );
        }
        // ----------------------------------------------------- Coinbase validator
        Some(Validation::Coinbase) => {
            let cred_name = globals
                .get("CRED_NAME")
                .and_then(|v| v.as_scalar())
                .map(|s| s.into_owned().to_kstr().to_string())
                .unwrap_or_default();
            let private_key = globals
                .get("PRIVATE_KEY")
                .and_then(|v| v.as_scalar())
                .map(|s| s.into_owned().to_kstr().to_string())
                .unwrap_or_default();

            if cred_name.is_empty() || private_key.is_empty() {
                m.validation_success = false;
                m.validation_response_body = "Missing key name or private key.".to_string();
                m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST;
                commit_and_return(m);
                return;
            }

            match coinbase::validate_cdp_api_key(&cred_name, &private_key, client, parser, cache)
                .await
            {
                Ok((ok, msg)) => {
                    m.validation_success = ok;
                    m.validation_response_body = msg;
                    m.validation_response_status =
                        if ok { StatusCode::OK } else { StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED };
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    m.validation_success = false;
                    m.validation_response_body = format!("Coinbase validation error: {}", e);
                    m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY;
                }
            }
        }
        // --------------------------------------------------------- Raw / none
        Some(Validation::Raw(raw)) => {
            debug!("Raw validation not implemented: {}", raw);
            m.validation_success = false;
            m.validation_response_body = "Validator not implemented".to_string();
            m.validation_response_status = StatusCode::NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
        }
        None => { /* no validation specified */ }
    }

    // 5. persist result for success path
    commit_and_return(m);
}

fn populate_globals_from_captures(
    globals: &mut Object,
    captured_values: &[(String, String, usize, usize)],
) {
    let mut best_token: Option<&String> = None;

    for (k, v, ..) in captured_values {
        if k.eq_ignore_ascii_case("TOKEN") {
            if best_token.map_or(true, |best| v.len() >= best.len()) {
                best_token = Some(v);
            }
        } else {
            globals.insert(k.to_uppercase().into(), Value::scalar(v.clone()));
        }
    }

    if let Some(token) = best_token {
        globals.insert("TOKEN".into(), Value::scalar(token.clone()));
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn populate_globals_prefers_longest_token() {
        let captured_values = vec![
            ("TOKEN".to_string(), "short".to_string(), 0usize, 5usize),
            ("BODY".to_string(), "body".to_string(), 0usize, 4usize),
            ("TOKEN".to_string(), "longervalue".to_string(), 0usize, 11usize),
        ];

        let mut globals = Object::new();
        populate_globals_from_captures(&mut globals, &captured_values);

        assert_eq!(globals.get("TOKEN"), Some(Value::scalar("longervalue")).as_ref());
        assert_eq!(globals.get("BODY"), Some(Value::scalar("body")).as_ref());
    }

    #[test]
    fn populate_globals_handles_missing_token() {
        let captured_values = vec![("CHECKSUM".to_string(), "123456".to_string(), 0usize, 6usize)];

        let mut globals = Object::new();
        populate_globals_from_captures(&mut globals, &captured_values);

        assert!(globals.get("TOKEN").is_none());
        assert_eq!(globals.get("CHECKSUM"), Some(Value::scalar("123456")).as_ref());
    }

    #[test]
    fn truncate_to_char_boundary_handles_multibyte_characters() {
        let mut body = "a".repeat(MAX_VALIDATION_BODY_LEN);
        body.push('é');

        truncate_to_char_boundary(&mut body, MAX_VALIDATION_BODY_LEN);

        assert_eq!(body.len(), MAX_VALIDATION_BODY_LEN);
        assert!(body.is_char_boundary(body.len()));
        assert!(body.ends_with('a'));
    }
}

// #[cfg(test)]
// mod tests {
//     use std::sync::Arc;

//     use anyhow::Result;
//     use crossbeam_skiplist::SkipMap;
//     use http::StatusCode;
//     use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
//     use smallvec::smallvec;

//     use crate::{
//         blob::BlobId,
//         liquid_filters::register_all,
//         location::OffsetSpan,
//         matcher::{OwnedBlobMatch, SerializableCapture, SerializableCaptures},
//         rules::{
//             rule::{Confidence, Rule},
//             Rules,
//         },
//         util::intern,
//         validation::{validate_single_match, Cache},
//     };
//     #[tokio::test]
//     async fn test_actual_pypi_token_validation() -> Result<()> {
//         // Minimal PyPI YAML snippet for testing
//         let pypi_yaml = r#"
// rules:
//   - name: PyPI Upload Token
//     id: kingfisher.pypi.1
//     pattern: |
//       (?x)
//       \b
//       (
//         pypi-AgEIcHlwaS5vcmc[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{50,}
//       )
//       (?:[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]|$)
//     min_entropy: 4.0
//     confidence: medium
//     examples:
//       - '# password = pypi-AgEIcHlwaS5vcmcCJDkwNzYwNzU1LWMwOTUtNGNkOC1iYjQzLTU3OWNhZjI1NDQ1MwACJXsicGVybWCf99lvbnMiOiAidXNlciIsICJ2ZXJzaW9uIjogMX0AAAYgSpW5PAywXvchMUQnkF5H6-SolJysfUvIWopMsxE4hCM'
//       - 'password: pypi-AgEIcHlwaS5vcmcCJGExMDIxZjRhLTFhZDMtNDc4YS1iOWNmLWQwCf99OTIwZjFjNwACSHsicGVybWlzc2lvbnMiOiB7InByb2plY3RzIjogWyJkamFuZ28tY2hhbm5lbHMtanNvbnJwYyJdfSwgInZlcnNpb24iOiAxfQAABiBZg48cIBQt7HckwM4G3q-462xphsLbm7IZvjqMS4jvQw'
//     validation:
//       type: Http
//       content:
//         request:
//           method: POST
//           url: https://upload.pypi.org/legacy/
//           response_is_html: true
//           response_matcher:
//             - report_response: true
//             - type: WordMatch
//               words:
//                 - "isn't allowed to upload to project"
//           headers:
//             Authorization: 'Basic {{ "__token__:" | append: TOKEN | b64enc }}'
//           multipart:
//             parts:
//               - name: name
//                 type: text
//                 content: "my-package"
//               - name: version
//                 type: text
//                 content: "0.0.1"
//               - name: filetype
//                 type: text
//                 content: "sdist"
//               - name: metadata_version
//                 type: text
//                 content: "2.1"
//               - name: summary
//                 type: text
//                 content: "A simple example package"
//               - name: home_page
//                 type: text
//                 content: "https://github.com/yourusername/my_package"
//               - name: sha256_digest
//                 type: text
//                 content: "0447379dd46c4ca8b8992bda56d07b358d015efb9300e6e16f224f4536e71d64"
//               - name: md5_digest
//                 type: text
//                 content: "9b4036ab91a71124ab9f1d32a518e2bb"
//               - name: :action
//                 type: text
//                 content: "file_upload"
//               - name: protocol_version
//                 type: text
//                 content: "1"
//               - name: content
//                 type: file
//                 content: "path/to/my_package-0.0.1.tar.gz"
//                 content_type: "application/octet-stream"
//         "#;
//         // Use from_paths_and_contents to parse the YAML snippet into a Rules object
//         let data = vec![(std::path::Path::new("pypi_test.yaml"), pypi_yaml.as_bytes())];
//         let rules = Rules::from_paths_and_contents(data, Confidence::Low)?;
//         // Find the PyPI rule we just loaded
//         let pypi_rule_syntax = rules
//             .iter_rules()
//             .find(|r| r.id == "kingfisher.pypi.1")
//             .expect("Failed to find PyPI rule in test YAML")
//             .clone(); // Clone so we can create a `Rule` from it
//                       // Wrap that into a `Rule` object
//         let pypi_rule = Rule::new(pypi_rule_syntax);
//         //////////////////////////////////////////
//         //
//         // Your actual PyPI token to test
//         let token = "<enter_pypi_token_here>";
//         let id = BlobId::new(&pypi_yaml.as_bytes());
//         // Construct an `OwnedBlobMatch` (all fields needed):
//         let mut owned_blob_match = OwnedBlobMatch {
//             rule: pypi_rule.into(),
//             blob_id: id,
//             finding_fingerprint: 0, // dummy value
//             // matching_input: token.as_bytes().to_vec(),
//             matching_input_offset_span: OffsetSpan { start: 0, end: token.len() },
//             captures: SerializableCaptures {
//                 captures: smallvec![SerializableCapture {
//                     name: Some("TOKEN".to_string()),
//                     match_number: -1,
//                     start: 0,
//                     end: token.len(),
//                     value: intern(token),
//                 }],
//             },
//             validation_response_body: String::new(),
//             validation_response_status: StatusCode::OK,
//             validation_success: false,
//             calculated_entropy: 0.0, // or compute your own
//             is_base64: false,
//         };
//         let parser = register_all(liquid::ParserBuilder::with_stdlib()).build()?;
//         let client = reqwest::Client::new();
//         let cache: Cache = Arc::new(SkipMap::new());
//         let dependent_vars = FxHashMap::default();
//         let missing_deps = FxHashMap::default();
//         // Run the validation
//         validate_single_match(
//             &mut owned_blob_match,
//             &parser,
//             &client,
//             &dependent_vars,
//             &missing_deps,
//             &cache,
//         )
//         .await;
//         println!("Success? {:?}", owned_blob_match.validation_success);
//         println!("Status: {:?}", owned_blob_match.validation_response_status);
//         println!("Body: {:?}", owned_blob_match.validation_response_body);
//         Ok(())
//     }
// }